Scientists at the Technion and the University of Bonn present the factors that dictate the maximum speed of quantum calculations. This is done through an experiment that uses quantum “material waves”
Researchers from the Technion and the University of Bonn conducted the respondent’s experiment on the following question: What limits the computational speed of quantum computers? The results of the study were published in the journal Science Advances .
Quantum computers are very sophisticated devices whose operation is based on quantum mechanics, which allows them to process problems that the classical computer cannot deal with at all; But even quantum computing is limited in the amount of information it can process over a given period of time. The information stored in classical computers can be likened to a long sequence of 0 and 1, the classical bits of information, which constitute the basic components of calculation.
Quantum Visibility, atoms are described as material waves.In its journey to the bottom of the bowl of light, the material wave undergoes a change that affects the quantum information it carries. If it were ordinary marbles rolling on the side of a real bowl, everything would be simple – according to the position of the marble at given time intervals, it was possible to reconstruct the moment it set out; however in the quantum world things work differently. A slightly different result, which is not a measurement error but a result of the properties of quantum mechanics. The quantum exile from its original state. “
” To that end, “explains Gal Ness, the lead author in the article and A doctoral student under the supervision of Prof. Yoav Sagi in the Faculty of Physics at the Technion, “We made a copy of the material wave of the atom so that we actually had two copies of the same state. Using fast flashes of light, we first achieved a quantum superposition of the two copies. Identical to merge with each other and then, by comparing their quantum states at certain points in time, they were able to extract the desired velocity limit – the minimum time for the discernible change in the material wave.
by changing the initial height from which the atom Deteriorating in the bowl of light, physicists were able to control not only the average energy but also the energetic uncertainty of the atom.
Of a particle and its momentum (from which its velocity is derived); energetic uncertainty means that it is impossible to determine simultaneously the time difference between two quantum events and the energy differences between them. According to Prof. Sagi, The minimum time for the occurrence of that distinct change in the material wave depends on the level of energetic uncertainty A of the atom; This time shortens as the energy uncertainty increases. ”
The study confirmed another phenomenon that was theoretically predicted by Norman Margulus and Lev Levitin in 1998: from the moment the energy uncertainty increased until it passed the energy The average of the wave of matter, it is precisely the average energy that dictates the speed limit of the system. According to Dr. Alberti, “This is the first time that the two speed limits were measured in a complex quantum system – and in the same experiment.”
The researchers conclude that quantum computers can indeed solve problems at an unprecedented speed, but this speed will also be limited; We can now know exactly how limited it is, based on the two boundaries verified in the present study. The study has implications for many future fields, including boson quantum computing, quantum simulations, and atomatronics (electronics based on quantum gas atoms).
German (DFG), the Helen Diller Quantum Center at the Technion and the German Service for Academic Exchanges (DAAD).
For an article in the journal Science Advances
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