Whitebook: Iron Deficiency Anemia

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This week we publish a study about iron deficiency anemia, or iron deficiency anemia. So, in our weekly publication of shared content from Whitebook Clinical Decision let’s make the clinical presentation of the disease.

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Anamnesis of iron deficiency anemia

Clinical condition: Patients’ complaints are associated with anemic syndrome.

Severe ferropenia (extremely low ferritin) can cause similar symptoms, even in the absence of anemia. Typical symptoms include fatigue, headache, irritability, exercise intolerance, dyspnea on exertion, and angina.

Some patients have perversion of appetite (pica), reporting a desire to ingest non-food items ( eg ice, paper, soap). There is also an association between iron deficiency anemia and restless legs syndrome (uncontrollable urge to move the legs during periods of inactivity). The dysphagia report should raise the hypothesis of Plummer-Vinson syndrome (ferropenia, dysphagia, esophageal membrane).

Gravity markers:

      • Severe and/or rapid onset anemia with hemodynamic instability;

      • Concomitant cardiopulmonary disease.

      Risk factors:

    • Low intake dietetic ;
    • Malabsorption:

    • Celiac disease;
    • Atrophic gastritis;
    • Bariatric surgery;
    • Use of drugs;

    • Infection by H. pylori

      ;

    • Blood loss:

    • Menorrhage;
    • Trauma;
    • Digestive hemorrhage;

    Hemoptysis;

  • Hematuria;
  • Hemodialysis;

  • High demand:

    • Childhood and adolescence;
    • Gestation;
    • Use of stimulating agents of erythropoiesis.
  • Physical exam

    May be normal or reveal one or more d the following changes:

  • Pallor;

  • Bluish sclera;

  • Atrophic glossitis;
  • Angular cheilitis;

  • Coilonychia (nail in spoon);
  • Tachycardia;
  • Heart murmur.
  • Heads up! Children may have growth deficit.
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