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Running on Empty: Astronomers Solve 12-Billion-Year-Old Mystery of Stalled Galaxies

Galaxy Cluster MACSJ0138.0–2155

The slumbering giant galaxy at the center of this image is 10 billion light-years away. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Newman, M. Akhshik, K. Whitaker

Unprecedent measurements confirm galaxies idle when they run out of cold gas.

New research, published in Nature and led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, has just answered one of the fundamental questions about our universe: Why did some of the oldest, most massive galaxies go quiescent early in their formation? The answer, we now know, is because they ran out of cold gas.

“The most massive galaxies in our universe formed incredibly early, just after the

Gravitationally Lensed REQUIEM Galaxies

Composites from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and ALMA showing closeups of two galaxies, MRG-M1341 and MRG-M2129, 10 – 12 billion light years away. Credit: Whitaker at al., 10.1038/s41586-021-03806-7, Joseph DePasquale

These galaxies should appear young and vigorous, with evidence of constant star formation. But they don’t, and Whitaker’s team combined Hubble’s images with extraordinarily sensitive readings from “Dead” Galaxies Mysteriously Ran Out of Fuel To Make Stars in the Early Universe.

Reference: “Exhausted gas reservoirs drive massive galaxy quenching in the early universe” by Katherine E. Whitaker, Christina C. Williams, Lamiya Mowla, Justin S. Spilker, Sune Toft, Desika Narayanan, Alexandra Pope, Georgios E. Magdis, Pieter G. van Dokkum, Mohammad Akhshik, Rachel Bezanson, Gabriel B. Brammer, Joel Leja, Allison Man, Erica J. Nelson, Johan Richard, Camilla Pacifici, Keren Sharon & Francesco Valentino, 22 September 2021, Nature.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03806-7

This research was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, National Science Foundation, Click Here

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